Negative Effects Of Climate Change Research Articles

Glyphosate-environmental variables interaction: How does it affect the parasite Chordodes nobilii?

The worldwide used herbicide Glyphosate can interact with environmental variables, but there is limited information on the influence of environmental stressors on its toxicity. Environmental changes could modify glyphosate effects on non-target organisms, including parasites such as gordiids. The freshwater microscopic larvae of the gordiid Chordodes nobilii are sensitive to several pollutants and environmental variables, but their combined effect has not been evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of temperature, pH and exposure time on the toxicity of Glyphosate to C. nobilii larvae. A protocol was followed to evaluate the infectivity of larvae treated with factorial combinations of concentration (0 and 0.067 mg/L), exposure time (24 and 48 h), temperature (18, 23 and 28 °C), and pH (7, 8 and 9). The reference values were 23 °C, pH 8 and 48 h. The interaction effect on the infectivity of gordiid larvae was assessed post-exposure using Aedes aegyptii larvae as host. Results were evaluated using GLMM, which does not require data transformation. The modeling results revealed three highly significant triple interactions. Glyphosate toxicity varied depending on the combination of variables, with a decrease being observed after 24 h-exposure at pH 7 and 23 °C. Glyphosate and 28 °C combination led to slightly reduced infectivity compared to temperature alone. This study is the first to report the combined effects of glyphosate, temperature, pH and time on a freshwater animal. It demonstrates that a specific combination of factors determines the effect of glyphosate on a non-target organism. The potential use of C. nobilli as a bioindicator is discussed. In the context of global warming and considering that the behavioral manipulation of terrestrial hosts by gordiids can shape community structure and the energy flow through food webs, our results raise concerns about possible negative effects of climate change on host-parasite dynamics.

Climate change adaptation and smallholder farmers welfare: Empirical evidence from the Sahelian Region of West Africa

Global climate change has threatened sustainable agricultural growth over the years, severely affecting food sufficiency and the livelihood of farmers. The Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies (CSAT), as a form of adaptation, offer pathways for mitigating the negative effect of climate change on crop producers in developing countries. This study uses cross-country (Mali and Niger) cross-sectional data to examine the welfare (proxied by crop sales revenue and income) impact of multiple adoptions of CSAT on smallholder farm households. To control for potential endogeneity that leads to bias estimates, we employ the multinomial endogenous treatment effect (METE) model, complemented with the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) for the analysis. The result reveals that household (education, location, and assets) and plot (plot size, plot topography, and soil fertility) characteristics, institutional factors (farmer-based organization, access to formal credit, and extension service) and crop disease shock significantly influence different combinations of CSAT adoption. The impact estimates show that adopting joint combinations of CSAT leads to higher crop sales revenue and income among the farmers in most cases. These findings suggest that the adoption of CSAT as a package should be encouraged and disseminated in the West Africa Sahel region. Moreover, some sociodemographic and institutional factors such as education, credit access, farmer-based organizations, and extension services could be strengthened for easy and rapid adoption of CSAT by smallholder farmers, which subsequently improves their economic welfare.

The Value of Vegetation in Nature-Based Solutions: Roles, Challenges, and Utilization in Managing Different Environmental and Climate-Related Problems

To address the challenges of the twenty-first century, particularly the negative effects of climate change, mitigation measures such as Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are being employed. Vegetation, being a part of various NbS interventions, provides different ecosystem services that help combat current climate-related vulnerabilities. This research aims to illustrate the connection between plants’ contribution to adapting to climate change and the creation of more sustainable spaces, focusing on the usage of bioretention systems (BRs) as an example of NbS. Some of the main aspects of how vegetation is selected for BRs according to qualities that may contribute to developing sustainable landscapes, along with providing key features of plants’ adaptation, different taxonomic data, and specific plant species that have been demonstrated to be good candidates for planting in BRs, are also discussed. Therefore, the importance of this paper is in providing a comprehensive systematization of vegetation with insightful suggestions on plant species for future BR implementation.

The Impact of Weather Shocks on Violent and Property Crimes in Jamaica

Abstract Developing countries face the largest exposure to the negative effects of climate change. However, as temperature and rainfall patterns change, we have a limited understanding of their impact on these countries and the mitigation strategies that may be needed. In this paper, we utilize administrative panel data to examine the impact of weather shocks on violent and property crimes in Jamaica. We find strong evidence that a one-standard-deviation increase in the daily temperature (2○C) increases violent crime by 3.67 percent, due to an increase in the number of murders (3.44 percent), shootings (7.53 percent), and cases of aggravated assault (6 percent). However, our results suggest that temperature changes have no statistical impact on property crime. In addition, we find that a one-standard-deviation increase in rainfall (2 mm) reduces crimes such as shootings (1.53 percent), break-ins (2.27 percent), and larcenies (3.85 percent), but it has a minimal impact on other categories of crime.

Climate change impacts on agricultural trade and food security in emerging economies: case of Southern Africa

Climate change has been a significant threat to sustainable agriculture impacting trade and food security. This research investigates the impacts of climate change on agricultural trade and food security in emerging economies focusing on Southern Africa. The research employed the dynamic panel Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) using panel data for the period 2012 to 2021 obtained from a sample of 12 Southern African countries selected based on data availability. The main independent variables to the research were climate change variables (temperature and precipitation). Other control variables included were population growth, food inflation and agricultural growth. The study found significant negative effects of climate change on agriculture trade. Whilst temperature changes were found to have insignificant effects, precipitation changes were found to have significant positive effects. The research recommends concerted efforts towards climate change adaptation and mitigation for sustainable agriculture. Based on the Findings, sustainable food security and agricultural trade Southern African emerging economies may be attained through effective climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches particularly promoting climate-smart agriculture (CSA).

Enhancing household rice farmers’ welfare under climate change conditions using loop diagrams of causality: A system thinking approach

Climate change has hurt several sectors, but agriculture has been a tough hit. Small farmers are the people most affected by climate change because they have less access to resources and information. Their household welfare is lowered as a result, and they are unable to avoid the effects of climate change. To lessen the negative effects of climate change, farmers have to figure out how to adapt to it. This study uses a household economic model to examine the relationship between livelihood assets and strategic adaptation using the framework of systems thinking. This research has created causal loop diagrams (CLDs) based on a literature review to capture crucial variables in farmer households’ economic behavior under climate change conditions. By using these CLDs, more studies can be conducted to enhance the welfare of rice farmers through multiple policy simulations.

Natural disasters as a public health issue.

This paper explains why natural disasters are a public health issue. A case in point is the Masara landslide in Maco Town, the Philippines. Public health concerns are not just the physical but also the 'total well-being of persons'. Classifying natural calamities as a concern related to public health will give a sense of urgency on the matter and thereby encourage governments to act on the negative effects of climate change, especially in developing countries.

In silico genomic analysis of heat shock protein 70 in poultry under tropical conditions

The negative effect of climate change predisposes farm animals under tropical conditions to heat stress, which limit their productivity. This has necessitated the search for livestock with suitable adaptive genotype. Limited records exist for livestock with high genetic adaptability hence, selection for the most suitable breeding stock remain difficult. This study attempt to use genomic characteristics of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in common meat type birds as biomarker for selecting breeding stock of high genetic merit for tolerance. In silico expasy translate tool analysis revealed that heat shock protein 70 gene in chicken (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quail (Cortinux japonica) are on chromosome 30 and contain 2 and 3 exons linked to 67 and 45 introns, respectively while, in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), HSP70 gene is located on chromosome 24 and 28, respectively. They also contain 2 and 4 exons interspersed by 41 and 38 introns, respectively. The variations in chromosomal locations validates differences observed in the adaptation and geographical spread of studied animals. It may also provide new insight into cellular response to heat stress and adaptive mechanism which is necessary in selection. Functional properties and physiological structures resisting thermal stress needs further investigation.

Analysis of greenery coverage of the area of the City ofWarsaw on the quality of life of residents on the basis of spatial and statistical data

Biologically active areas play an extremely important role in the structure of a city and increasing their coverage, especially in large urban centres, is an activity with a number of advantages. This article compares, in terms of green spaces, two European cities of similar size – Warsaw (517.2 km2) and Oslo (454 km2). Both cities are capitals of their respective countries but implement different spatial policies in the scope of the Green Deal. In Warsaw, many industrial and post-industrial areas still exist and simultaneously urban green areas are decreasing year by year. In Oslo, a strategy based on deindustrialisation of the city and possible maximum use of urban greenery and public spaces is implemented. The research described in this article involved analysing the coverage of the analysed cities and their districts with biologically active area and then checking the correlation with other indicators that can be affected by this coverage. These included data on the incidence of the most common diseases among residents, the attractiveness of living for the elderly and families with children, as well as air and soil pollution and the occurrence of negative effects of climate change. The correlation of urban space use in terms of the presence of industrial land in relation to currently existing green spaces in the districts concerned was subsequently determined.

Combustion Analysis of Solid Biomass Derived from Turmeric and Onion, using Nanoclay as a Binding Material, for a Sustainable Environment

The usage of fossil resources has promoted wealth accumulation, exacerbated the negative effects of climate change from GHG emissions, and jeopardized human safety. This research focuses on the utilization of locally generated waste from Turmeric Wastes (TW) and Onion Wastes (TW) for the production of biomass briquettes, employing 10% nanoclay powder as a binder. The biomass waste mixtures were prepared at different ratios, namely 0:100 (C1), 30:70 (C2), 60:40 (C3), 90:10 (C4) and 100:0 (C5), with a constant binder concentration. Densification can be used to turn these residues into elevated, fuel-efficient biomass feedstock. Analysis was carried out for wet content, content of volatile matter and content of fixed carbon. SEM evaluations with EDAX studies were done to identify the major elements available in the produced Turmeric waste - Onion waste briquettes. TGA and DSC investigation implicated the recognition of the burning stage of exothermic and endothermic peaks of the produced briquettes. The briquettes generated exhibit a range of total calorific values, spanning from 11.66 to 15.64 MJ/kg. Notably, these briquettes demonstrate an ignition time within the range of 3.3 to 4.0 seconds and a sustained burning duration lasting between 20 to 28 minutes. Consequently, the utilization of TW-OW in combination with 20% nanoclay binder presents a viable alternative energy source. This is attributable to the briquettes' commendable characteristics, including low moisture and ash content, coupled with a notably high calorific value.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF LAND COVER AND LAND USE CHANGE ON URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCE IN ABUJA, NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY FROM 2017 TO 2022

The remarkable feature of rapid urbanisation, which has fundamentally altered the distribution of land cover and land use (LULC), is what sets the contemporary era apart. The impact of these modifications on the resilience of Abuja’s metropolitan infrastructure from 2017 to 2022 is examined in this study. Our study examined the dynamic changes in LULC using information from remote sensing, geospatial analysis software, and land cover categorization techniques. The findings indicate major changes in Abuja’s topography, including a decrease in the number of water bodies, a decrease in the number of trees, the expansion of urban areas, changes in agricultural land use, and fluctuations in the amount of grazing land. The previously mentioned changes have significant consequences for urban infrastructure resilience, affecting various sectors such as water supply, transportation, housing, utilities, and food distribution systems. The infrastructure supporting water supply and sanitation may be severely stretched as the number of water bodies decreases, affecting the quantity and quality of accessible water supplies. As metropolitan areas expand, greater strain is placed on transportation infrastructure, exacerbating traffic congestion and complicating road maintenance ifficulties. Changes in agricultural land use can have an impact on food production and distribution, hence affecting food security. Deforestation can cause ecological deterioration, affecting a variety of aspects such as temperature regulation, biological diversity, and atmospheric purity. Adaptive approaches, green infrastructure, and adopting sustainable urban design can all strengthen the resilience of urban infrastructure, according to this study. The significance of renewable energy adoption, community participation, green building laws, the establishment of public-private partnerships, integrated water resource management, and data-driven decision-making is emphasised. Improving legal frameworks that prioritise resilience and sustainability is critical. It is critical to have a complete grasp of the complicated links between changes in LULC, and the resilience of urban infrastructure in order to enable educated urban design and decision-making processes. Policymakers and urban planners may address and minimise the negative consequences of climate change while improving the overall quality of life in cities by using sustainable development practises. The findings of this study have the potential to dramatically improve Abuja’s people’s well-being and sustainability, especially given the variety of urban difficulties they encounter.

Bridging farmers’ non-cognitive and self-conscious emotional factors to cognitive determinants of climate change adaptation in southwest Iran

ABSTRACT Farm-level adaptation is an effective strategy to cope with global climate change. Farmers can effectively manage the negative effects of climate change with adaptive decisions. Cognitive, non-cognitive and emotional factors influence adaptive decisions against climate change. However, little research addresses the extent to which a set of integrated factors influence a farmer's intention to adapt. To address this gap, this study aims to determine, first, the relationship between cognitive factors, including awareness, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behaviour control; non-cognitive factors including habits and moral norms; as well as emotional factors, including anticipated pride and guilt surrounding adaptation intention. Second, it evaluates an integrated structural model using SmartPLS, a software commonly used in partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), wherein all these factors are examined simultaneously. A survey was conducted to fulfil these objectives, involving 250 farmers from Susangerd city in the Khuzestan province of southwestern Iran. Results reveal that positive emotions (pride), cognitive constructs, (perceived behaviour control and awareness), as well as non-cognitive factors, (behavioural habits and moral norms) affect adaptation intention. Findings provide guidance to policymakers, and agricultural experts who are considering different factors in designing and implementing policies and innovations related to climate change adaptation.

Attitudes Towards the Stress Created by Ever Increasing Traffic in the Maltese Islands

The relatively large and rapid increase in population in the Maltese Islands over the past decade has placed significant strain on the infrastructure of the country. These factors, together with the fact that issues with the public transport system have never been completely sorted, has led to an over-reliance on private cars as the main means of transport in most cases. Increased transport has been shown to increase stress and aggressive behaviour in drivers, amongst other possible negative consequences, leading to a negative effect on personal wellbeing. In order to assess the perceptions of the Maltese about the stress created by traffic, a cross-sectional study was conducted by means of telephone interviews with a stratified sample of 400 Maltese participants. A purposely designed questionnaire with twelve items scored on a seven-point Likert scale was used for this purpose. While more than four fifths of participants stated that they owned at least one car, and most agreed that traffic increases stress, both in the short and long term, less than one third of participants strongly agreed to preferring to use public transport rather than their private vehicle, even if public transport were more reliable. Females showed more anxiety than males with reference to the traffic situation and 18–29 year-olds showed the lowest level of agreement overall with the statements in the survey – a surprising result given this age group’s awareness of the negative effects of climate change on wellbeing.

Greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth in Morocco: A decoupling analysis

This study aims to provide insights into the decoupling of GDP growth and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Morocco, a developing country with the ambitious goals of reducing GHG and strongly vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change. The Engle-Granger cointegration method was used in addition to the Tapio elastic analysis based on annual time series data from 1990 to 2018. The cointegration test indicates a significant long-term relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and Gross Domestic Product with a coefficient equal to 0.85. On the other hand, Tapio's decoupling index method presents mixed results both by pollutant and by time period. Nevertheless, total greenhouse gas emissions, with a decoupling index valued at 0.7, exhibit a weak impact decoupling throughout the entire sample period wherein emissions continue to grow at a lower rate than the Gross Domestic Product. The findings are coherent with the view that more aggressive carbon pricing initiatives (CPI) policies will likely be necessary to achieve the ambitious goals set by the Moroccan government to achieve absolute decoupling.

Mind the gap between the economic effect of climate change and the reality

Climate change increases its severity day by day and poses a great threat to our world. Climate change problems almost cause the global economic system to be questioned. This issue is also very important for China, India, Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey, which are expressed as E7 (developing) countries. Climate change forecasts for many countries predict that temperatures will rise as precipitation increases or decreases. Technological improvements are predicted to play an important role in mitigating and adapting to the negative consequences of climate change. This study aims to determine the effect of climate change on the economic growth of E7 countries between the years 2004-2021 using panel data methods. Analysis was done with the Stata 15 program. In the study, firstly, the literature on climate change and economic growth is included. Afterwards, the economic consequences of climate change are discussed. In the following section, solutions that will be effective in combating climate change are explained. Then, the empirical analysis and the obtained findings were included and the study was concluded with the conclusion and evaluation. All variables are statistically significant. Accordingly, while temperature and precipitation negatively affect GDP; Urbanization, population growth and HDI positively affect GDP. According to the consequences of the analysis, it was concluded that climate change negatively affected economic growth.

Decoupling climate change: winter tourism and the maintenance of regional growth

ABSTRACT Climate change poses a severe risk for economic growth. The negative effects of climate change are, however, variegated depending on the region and the type of dominant industries fuelling their economies. Winter tourism in the Alps presents a case of a regionally specific and climate-vulnerable growth driver. Despite increasing climate-related physical risks to winter tourism such as snow scarcity, investments into infrastructure expansion continue. This raises the question of why a potentially unviable growth strategy is actively maintained considering the inevitable climate change scenario. Through semi-structured interviews, field work and archival research, this paper explores how the winter-touristic growth coalition responds to climate change. The findings show that key actors discursively decouple climate change from their growth strategies, which allows them to maintain the winter-touristic growth driver. ‘There is no alternative’ narratives and sustainability frameworks characterise the growth coalition´s response to the challenge of climate change. This paper makes an important contribution by exploring winter tourism as regional growth driver that contributes to a national export-oriented growth model. It thereby provides a unique perspective on regional underpinnings of growth models and the politics perpetuating growth model stasis under vulnerable climate conditions.

A fenntarthatósági jelentéstétel gyakorlatának vizsgálata

The responsibility of companies to reduce the negative effects of climate change is obvious. The transition from a traditional linear economy to a circular economy means an increasing burden on companies. Besides the adequate financial performance, more and more emphasis is being placed on environmental performance. This study examines the non-financial sustainability reporting practices of 20 companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The analysis used non-financial reports of companies with the highest market capitalization between 2020 and 2022. The analysis results support that the reports of environmentally sensitive companies are more extensive and detailed concerning investigated aspects. The details and length of the companies’ ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) reports increased during the three years examined. The environmental and social aspects of disclosed documents are more detailed for the banks, the oil extraction, and the telecommunication companies. In the company sample examined, it can be observed that most of the reports are prepared according to the GRI regulation. It can also be observed that the companies examined made more detailed and longer reports. The research results also support the fact that the aspects of the ESG report (E, S, G) also depend on the sector in which the companies operate.

Adapting to climate change through play? Didactically effective elements of a business simulation game

IntroductionThe negative consequences of climate change are widespread and have a global impact. An industrialized region of Germany must adapt to the effects of climate change and comply with political regulations. Previous studies indicate that economic actors who are not directly affected by climate change approach climate change mitigation and adaptation primarily based on legal requirements and often feel discouraged by the absence of data-based reports. Addressing this challenge, game-based learning emerges as a promising pathway.MethodsTo examine game-based learning’s applicability and potential for climate adaptation, we developed a business simulation game, simultaneously identifying didactically effective elements for managers who would participate in it. Using expert interviews and focus groups, we conducted a qualitative study with three HR developers from larger companies and nine managers and founders of startups to develop a business simulation game on climate adaptation. Based on the Grounded Theory methodology, theoretical coding was used to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsThe derived core categories indicate that personnel development in companies is evolving in response to economic changes. Individual resources such as motivation (especially for managers), personnel and time play a crucial role in establishing a business game as an educational offering. The identified game elements can also be used theoretically and practically in the development of other educational games.DiscussionWe discussed common human resource development measures in companies and compared them with more innovative approaches such as a simulation game. The study underscores the importance of innovative approaches, such as game-based learning, in fostering climate adaptation efforts among economic actors. By integrating theoretical insights with practical applications, our findings provide valuable guidance for the development of educational games aimed at addressing complex challenges like climate change. Further research and implementation of such approaches are essential for promoting proactive climate adaptation strategies within industrialized regions and beyond.

Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies of Rice Cultivators in Odisha, India

In the present era, climate change is the biggest challenge for the world. The vulnerability of climate change to India’s agriculture sector is quite evident. Due to its geographical existence, climate change is creating a vulnerable situation in the eastern part of India. Odisha's economy is one of the most affected in this regard. The agriculture sector, being the common practice of livelihood, is always sensitive to climate change. The unpredictable rainfall patterns, floods, droughts, and frequent cyclones have caused severe damage to crops and livestock, leading to a lack of employment and a vulnerable situation for farmer households. Therefore, this study employed the LVI approach to evaluate farmers' climate change vulnerability and used the probit model to identify the factors influencing farmers' adaptation options. To accomplish the stated objective, both primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data have been collected from four blocks (Athagarh, Cuttack Sadar, Barang, and Banki) of Cuttack districts, Odisha, where most of the farmers are marginal farmers. The LVI combined nine major components and 33 subcomponents under it, which establishes a specific functional relationship with vulnerability. The vulnerability assessment indicates that Cuttack district is moderately vulnerable to climate change, with a 0.41 vulnerability score. Social network and livelihood strategies are the major scoring indices in this regard, with 0.90 and 0.65 LVI values, respectively. The probit model found that farming experience and non-farm income are detrimental factors for adopting any strategies to combat climate change. The policy options are precautionary measures that are required to withstand the negative effects of climate change. Therefore, effective government steps required in creating an awareness program, extending training facilities to the farmers, and proper provisioning of irrigation and credit facilities are highly essential for increasing crop productivity and reducing the vulnerability of the farmer household.

Diversity and function of fluorescent molecules in marine animals.

Fluorescence in marine animals has mainly been studied in Cnidaria but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological functions of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing the occurrence of fluorescence in marine animals and the behavioural and physiological functions of fluorescent molecules based on experimental approaches. These biological functions of fluorescence range from prey and symbiont attraction, photoprotection, photoenhancement, stress mitigation, mimicry, and aposematism to inter- and intraspecific communication. We provide a comprehensive list of marine taxa that utilise fluorescence, including demonstrated effects on behavioural or physiological responses. We describe the numerous known functions of fluorescence in anthozoans and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight that other marine taxa should be studied regarding the functions of fluorescence. We suggest that an increase in research effort in this field could contribute to understanding the capacity of marine animals to respond to negative effects of climate change, such as rising sea temperatures and increasing intensities of solar irradiation.